BOQ Demystified for Owners

A robust BOQ makes contractors price the same scope. Structure by sections (RCC, masonry, plaster, waterproofing, flooring, joinery, painting, MEP, external works). For each item, define description, unit, quantity, spec reference, and inclusion notes; keep consistent codes for tracking. Set explicit measurement rules—methods, units, tolerances, and deductions—to avoid billing disputes. Reference standards (IS codes) and define brand lists with an equals policy requiring datasheets and test evidence. Clarify inclusions like scaffolding, surface prep, protections, and debris removal; list exclusions explicitly. Use provisional sums for undefined work and maintain contingency. Run pre‑bid Q&A and issue addenda so all bidders price the same revision. Evaluate bids by comparing totals and key unit rates, normalizing for exclusions, and stress‑testing sensitivity to quantity changes. During execution, apply BOQ unit rates for variations or a pre‑agreed formula for new items. Tie bills to measured quantities with joint measurement sheets and milestone acceptance. A clear BOQ cuts change orders and improves fairness.